TODAY IN SCIENCE HISTORY
NEWSLETTER • 24 JULY
On 24 Jul 1847, the American inventor Richard M. Hoe, was issued a patent for a revolutionary new type of printing press on this day.
In his productive life, he designed various important improvements to printing presses.
To learn more on his continuing improvements, read this interesting article, a chapter from Kings of Fortune (1888).
On 24 Jul 1974, James Chadwick died, the English physicist whose discovery of the proton was recognized with a Nobel Prize in Physics. If his name is not very familiar, you can remedy that by reading this book. Today's book pick is: The Neutron and the Bomb: A Biography of Sir James Chadwick, by Andrew Brown. The author tells how this physicist’s life was molded by great events, including both world wars (which carried him though internment camps and narrow escapes) and the development of the atom bomb. Indeed, during the Second World War, he was to become Britain’s foremost authority on nuclear weaponry and chief British scientist on the Manhattan Project. As an eye-witness account of some of the most dramatic discoveries and developments of the 20th century, this biography is both gripping and insightful.
It is available from Amazon, typically about New from $119.98. Used from $22.37. (As of earlier time of writing - subject to change.)
 | Now and then women should do for themselves what men have already done—and occasionally what men have not done—thereby establishing themselves as persons, and perhaps encouraging other women toward greater independence of thought and action. Some such consideration was a contributing reason for my wanting to do what I so much wanted to do. — Amelia Earhart, American aviator (born 24 Jul 1897).  |
 | True rigor is productive, being distinguished in this from another rigor which is purely formal and tiresome, casting a shadow over the problems it touches. — Émile Picard, French mathematician (born 24 Jul 1856). |
 | It’s hard to explain to people what the significance of an invention is, so it’s hard to get funding. The first thing they say is that it can’t be done. Then they say, “You didn't do it right.” Then, when you’ve done it, they finally say, “Well, it was obvious anyway.” — Robert S. Ledley, American physicist and radiologist (died 24 Jul 2012). |
| Before you look at today's web page, see if you can answer some of these questions about the events that happened on this day. Some of the names are very familiar. Others will likely stump you. Tickle your curiosity with these questions, then check your answers on today's web page. | |
| Births | |
| | On 24 July 1897, Amelia Earhart was born in Kansas. She remains one of the world’s most celebrated aviators. Earhart was the first woman to fly alone over the Atlantic Ocean. In 1937, her plane went down, at sea. No trace was left, and what happened remains a mystery. What was her intended goal on her last, fateful flight? |
 | On 24 Jul 1843, Sir William de Wiveleslie Abney was born, an English astronomer and chemist who investigated colour photography and colour vision. Abney developed a suitable photographic emulsion, and with it, he was the first to take infra-red photographs. He studied the solar infra-red spectrum. He invented the Abney level. What is the function of an Abney level? |
| Deaths | |
 | On 24 Jul 1974, James Chadwick died, the English physicist (1891-1974) who discovered the third atomic particle, the neutron. His interest in the structure of the atom began with Ernest Rutherford at the Cavendish Laboratory for whom he investigated the scattering of alpha particles and nuclear disintegration. Of which university is the Cavendish Laboratory a part? |
 | Sir Richard doll died on 24 Jul 2005. He was an English epidemiologist (1912-2005), and was one of the first two researchers to make a significant link between a certain disease and a major cause. A year before he died, he published his 50-year study quantifying the health effects involved. What was the disease, and the cause he linked to it? |
| Events | |
 | On 24 Jul of a certain year, Cape Canaveral recorded its first successful rocket launch. “Bumper” No. 8 was a captured German V-2 rocket. It carried a payload of another rocket. The first-stage V-2 climbed 10 miles, and after separation, the second-stage Corporal rocket traveled 15 more miles. In what decade did this first successful launch at Cape Canaveral take place? |
| | On 24 Jul 1847, Richard M. Hoe of New York City patented a revolutionary new type of printing press on this day. What was his innovation? |
Fast answers for the previous newsletter for July 23: the study of the three-dimensional arrangements of atoms within molecules • army ants • neon, krypton and xenon, and co-discovered argon, radon • English • at the base of the brain • twin-cylinder.
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