1173 Pope Alexander III canonizes Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury 1613 Michael Romanov, son of Patriarch of Moscow, elected first Russian Tsar of the house of Romanov 1804 1st locomotive, Richard Trevithick's, runs for the 1st time, along the tramway of the Penydarren Ironworks in Merthyr Tydfil, Wales 1916 World War I: Battle of Verdun begins with a German offensive, leads to an estimated 1 million casualties and becomes the longest battle of the entire war (9 months) 1922 Britain declares Egypt a sovereign state 1972 Richard Nixon becomes the first US President to visit China, normalizing relations between the countries in a meeting with Chinese leader Mao Zedong in Beijing | 
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