1099 First Crusade: 15,000 starving Christian soldiers march in religious procession around Jerusalem as its Muslim defenders look on 1497 Portuguese navigator Vasco da Gama departs on his first voyage, becoming the 1st European to reach India by sea 1777 Independent Vermont introduces a new constitution, prohibiting slavery 1800 Dr Benjamin Waterhouse gives 1st cowpox vaccination in the US to his son to prevent smallpox 1853 Commodore Matthew C. Perry sails his frigate Susquehanna into Tokyo Bay, opening Japan to Western influence and trade 1948 500th anniversary of the Russian Orthodox Church celebrated in Moscow |
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