TODAY IN SCIENCE HISTORY
NEWSLETTER • 30 SEPTEMBER
On 30 Sep 1861, William Wrigley, Jr. was born, the American manufacturer whose advertising campaigns made Wrigley's Chewing Gum internationally known. From humble origins, he turned his company into a multi-million dollar business.
You can read about his commitment to advertising for making his company successful in this magazine article, Make a Good Product for a Fair Price – Then Tell the World, from Illustrated World (1922).
On 30 Sep 1772, James Brindley died. He essentially invented the canal in Britain when he was commissioned by the Duke of Bridgwater to construct the Bridgwater Canal. Completed in 1765, it was the first English canal of major economic importance, providing a more efficient way to move coal from the Duke's Worsley mine 16-km (10-mile) to the textile manufacturing centre at Manchester. Today's book pick is: James Brindley, by Corble who is a canal enthusiast. This is the first modern Brindley biography, and describes how Brindley's canal-building work made such an important contribution to the Industrial Revolution that he deserves recognition along with Stephenson and Brunel.
It is available from Amazon, typically about New from $20.59. Used from $16.48. (As of earlier time of writing - subject to change.)
 | Nothing perhaps has so retarded the reception of the higher conclusions of Geology among men in general, as ... [the] instinctive parsimony of the human mind in matters where time is concerned. — Charles Lapworth, English geologist (born 30 Sep 1842).  |
 | Big whorls have little whorls Which feed on their velocity And little whorls have lesser whorls, And so on to viscosity. [Concerning atmospheric turbulence.] — Lewis Fry Richardson, English mathematician, meteorologist, physicist and psychologist (died 30 Sep 1953). |
 | In considering God's power, we must not look for a God of the Gaps, a god who is called in for those phenomena for which there is yet no scientific explanation. — Sir Nevill F. Mott, English physicist (born 30 Sep 1905). |
| Before you look at today's web page, see if you can answer some of these questions about the events that happened on this day. Some of the names are very familiar. Others will likely stump you. Tickle your curiosity with these questions, then check your answers on today's web page. | |
| Births | |
 | A German physicist, born 30 Sep 1882, introduced the first successful detector of individual alpha particles and other ionizing radiations. He used it in experiments that led to the identification of the alpha particle as the nucleus of the helium atom and to Rutherford's determination (1912) that the nucleus of an occupies a very small volume at the centre. Can you name this man? |
 | Jean-Baptiste Perrin, born 30 Sep 1870, was a French physicist who, in his studies of the Brownian motion of minute particles suspended in liquids, verified Albert Einstein's explanation of this phenomenon and thereby confirmed the atomic nature of matter. He was able to determine by a new method, one of the most important physical constants, for which achievement he was honoured with the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1926. Can you name the constant he determined? |
| Deaths | |
 | A seismologist (1900-1985) devised a way to describe earthquake intensity which he developed with his colleague, Beno Gutenberg, in the early 1930's. The method assigns numerical ratings to the energy released by earthquakes. Can you name this scientist? |
| Events | |
 | On 30 Sep 1982, two men completed the first circumnavigation of the world in a helicopter, the Spirit of Texas. Their journey began 29 days, 3 hours, and 8 minutes earlier on September 1. One of the aviators was Jay Colburn. Who was the other aviator? |
 | On 30 Sep 1929, German auto maker Fritz von Opel made the first manned flight with a new form of power. He flew his Sander RAK 1 craft on a successful flight of 75 seconds, covering almost 2 miles near Frankfurt-am-Main, Germany. What powered his aircraft? |
 | On 30 Sep 1882, the world's first hydroelectric power plant in the U.S. was opened. Powered by a water wheel, a single dynamo provided 12.5 kilowatts enough for 180 lights, of ten candlepower each. A local paper manufacturer, H.F. Rogers, had been inspired by Thomas Edison's plans for an electricity production station in New York. In which U.S. state was this first hydroelectric power plant established? |
Fast answers for the previous newsletter for September 29: Gossamer Condor • Italian • diesel internal-combustion engine • talc and diamond • Thomas A. Edison • CERN, Geneva, Switzerland.
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