TODAY IN SCIENCE HISTORY
NEWSLETTER • 12 SEPTEMBER
On 12 Sep 1812, Richard M. Hoe was born, the American inventor who developed and manufactured the first successful rotary printing press (1846). His first patented idea came about ten years earlier, though it concerned the grinding of circular saws. He then turned his attention to what became is lifetime career—improving the productivity of the printing press to keep up with the demands caused by increasing circulation of newspapers and journals. His early Hoe's Double Cyclinder Press was admired for its ability to turn out about six thousand impressions per hour. With a gift for invention, he continually advanced the size and production speed of his presses. Later in life, he supplied a ten-cylinder steam press to the New York World.
For more biography on the accomplishments of this significant inventor, Richard M. Hoe, see this chapter from Kings of Fortune (1888).
On 12 Sep 1958, Jack Kilby demonstrated his invention of a miniaturized electronic circuit to his supervisor at Texas Instruments. The science behind it, and the biography of its two inventors of this first integrated circuit, is in Today's book pick is: The Chip : How Two Americans Invented the Microchip and Launched a Revolution, by T.R. Reid. The author captures the independence and near-obsessive problem-solving talents of Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce, two men, who became Nobel prize winners for their invention.
It is available from Amazon, typically about New from $11.60. Used from $1.99. (As of earlier time of writing - subject to change.)
 | It occurred to me that if I could invent a machine - a gun - which could by its rapidity of fire, enable one man to do as much battle duty as a hundred, that it would, to a large extent supersede the necessity of large armies, and consequently, exposure to battle and disease [would] be greatly diminished. — Richard Jordan Gatling, , American inventor (born 12 Sep 1818).  |
 | That one must do some work seriously and must be independent and not merely amuse oneself in life—this our mother [Marie Curie] has told us always, but never that science was the only career worth following. — Irène Joliot-Curie, French physicist and physical chemist (born 12 Sep 1897). |
 | Shoe leather epidemiology. [Langmuir stressed that investigators go into the field to collect their own data and directly view the locale of a public health problem. His graduates wore lapel pins of a shoe with a hole in the sole.] — Alexander Langmuir, American epidemiologist (born 12 Sep 1910). |
| Before you look at today's web page, see if you can answer some of these questions about the events that happened on this day. Some of the names are very familiar. Others will likely stump you. Tickle your curiosity with these questions, then check your answers on today's web page. | |
| Births | |
| | Alexander Langmuir, born 12 Sep 1910 was a US epidemiologist who created and led the Epidemic Intelligence Service and from 1949, directed for 20 years, the epidemiology branch of the National Communicable Disease Center in Atlanta. His efforts contributed to the virtual elimination of a certain disease. Can you name this disease? |
| | Irène Joliot-Curie, born 12 Sep 1897, daughter of Nobel Prize winners Pierre and Marie Curie, was also in her turn, a French physical chemist, She and her husband were jointly awarded the 1935 Nobel Prize. For what achievement was the 1935 Nobel Prize awarded? |
| Deaths | |
 | Peter Mark Roget (1779-1869) was an English physician who, in 1814, invented a "log-log" slide rule for calculating the roots and powers of numbers. After studying medicine at the University of Edinburgh, he helped establish a medical school at Manchester, and practiced in London (1808-40). Upon retirement, from age 61 to 73, he produced a famous book. For what book is he famous? |
| Events | |
 | On 12 Sep1992, the crew of the Shuttle Endeavour included the first African-American woman in space, as a Science Mission Specialist aboard Endeavour. During the eight-day mission, she conducted space-sickness experiments and conducted research on bone loss in zero gravity. Can you name this astronaut? |
 | On 12 Sep 1940, five schoolboys exploring the Grotte de Lascaux, in France, made a remarkable discovery. Can you describe this discovery? |
Fast answers for the previous newsletter for September 11: the first to propose that matter is continuously created throughout the universe. • fine optical instruments • the experimental study of the origin and chemical composition of rocks
[Note: the petr- in petroleum means “rock,” -oleum refers to “oil,” so petrology is the study of rock itself, not primarily related to petroleum!!] • 250 miles per year • the Beagle.
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